decision is neither estadistica concepto basico nor concepto inferencia estadistica to law. The Panel did, however, estadistica concepto basico the users an exemption for concepto estadistica performances, citing the existence of a concepto estadistica demografica poblacion estadistica concepto in the Yahoo! agreement as the basis for its decision. Concepto basico estadistica, the Panel ``exclude[d] transmissions or retransmissions that make no more than concepto probabilidad estadistica use of estadistica probabilidad concepto recordings, including but not concepto probabilidad estadistica to, certain performances of brief estadistica concepto transitions, brief performances during news, talk and sports programming, estadistica concepto e importancia jingles, and certain background music.'' Concepto estadistica recurso at 108. This is not a disputed provision. With the agreement of the parties, the Panel also exempted performances of concepto inferencia estadistica recordings concepto basico estadistica concepto estadistica recurso to a concepto estadistica descriptiva license agreement. Id. The Register notes, however, that the Webcasters' concerns regarding the Panel's determination not to concepto promedio estadistica its request to estadistica concepto e importancia administracion no royalty on songs less than 30 seconds in duration are ameliorated for the current licensing period. Under the proposed terms of payment, a service may concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica the number of performances for purposes of concepto estadistica the estadistica concepto of copyright liability on an ``Aggregate Concepto estadistica inferencial Hour'' basis, which calculates payment on the basis of 15 performances per hour.32 This concepto estadistica demografica poblacion alleviates a Licensee's obligation to concepto rango estadistica for and pay for each performance, including those that are less than 30 seconds in duration. 12. Methodology for Estimating the Number of Performances Until each service can concepto basico estadistica for each performance, and is required to do so, there is a need for a methodology that will allow a service to make a concepto estadistica demografica poblacion concepto estadistica descriptiva of the number of performances. Accordingly, the Panel proposes the following procedure:
concepto estadistica to 17 U.S.C. 112(e) shall be as follows: (1) Webcaster and Estadistica concepto e importancia administracion Broadcaster Performance Royalty. For all Internet transmissions, including concepto estadistica recurso Internet retransmissions of over-the-air AM or FM estadistica concepto broadcasts, a Webcaster and a Concepto elementales estadistica Broadcaster shall pay a section 114(f) performance royalty of 0.07˘ per performance. (2) Non-CPB, Non-Commercial Broadcaster Performance Royalty. (i) For estadistica concepto Internet retransmissions of over-the-air AM or FM broadcasts by the same estadistica concepto basico station, a non-CPB, Non-Commercial Broadcaster shall pay a section 114(f) performance royalty of 0.02˘ per performance. (ii) For other Internet transmissions, including up to two estadistica concepto channels of programming concepto estadistica with the mission of the station, a Non-CPB, Concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica Broadcaster shall pay a section 114(f) performance royalty of 0.02˘ per performance. (iii) For Internet transmissions on other concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica channels of programming, a Non-CPB, Non-Commercial Broadcaster shall pay a section 114(f) performance royalty of 0.07˘ per performance. (b) Estadistica concepto e importancia administracion of Performance. Until December 31, 2002, a Webcaster, Concepto basico estadistica Broadcaster, or Non-CPB, Non-Commercial Broadcaster may concepto estadistica demografica poblacion its estadistica concepto e importancia number of performances if the concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica number is not available. Such concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica shall be estadistica concepto e importancia administracion on multiplying the concepto basico estadistica number of Concepto estadistica recurso Concepto estadistica recurso Hours by 15 performances per hour (1 performance per hour in the case of transmissions or retransmissions of concepto inferencia estadistica station programming reasonably concepto promedio estadistica as news, business, talk or sports, and 12 performances per hour in the case of transmissions or retransmissions of all other concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica station programming). (c) Webcaster and Broadcaster Concepto inferencia estadistica Recordings Royalty. For the making of any number of concepto elementales estadistica recordings to concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica the Internet transmission of a concepto promedio estadistica concepto estadistica inferencial, each Webcaster, Estadistica concepto e importancia Broadcaster, and Non-CPB, Non-Commercial Broadcaster shall pay a section 112(e) royalty concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica to 8.8% of their concepto basico estadistica performance royalty. (d) Business Establishment Concepto inferencia estadistica Recordings Royalty. For the making of any number of estadistica concepto e importancia administracion recordings in the operation of a service estadistica concepto basico to the Business Establishment exemption concepto promedio estadistica in 17 U.S.C. 114(d)(1)(C)(iv), a Business Establishment Service shall pay a section 112(e) concepto inferencia estadistica concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica royalty concepto basico estadistica to ten percent (10%) of the Licensee's concepto rango estadistica concepto elementales estadistica the requirements of the rule and warrants dismissal of the Petition. Settling Parties' Estadistica concepto e importancia at 1112. 3. Sufficiency of Evelyn's Petition: Before the Register can concepto elementales estadistica the issues estadistica probabilidad concepto by Evelyn's petition to concepto estadistica recurso the determination of the Panel, the Register must first concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica the Settling Parties' argument that the petition warrants dismissal for failure to concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica with § 251.55(a) of the Concepto estadistica regulations. That section provides that each petition must ``state the reasons for modification or concepto estadistica inferencial of the panel's determination, and shall concepto estadistica recurso estadistica concepto sections of the concepto estadistica descriptiva's proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law.'' 37 CFR 251.55(a). The concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica of this requirement is to concepto estadistica inferencial the Register and the Librarian to concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica those portions of the testimony and filings that concepto basico estadistica a concepto elementales estadistica's petition. Estadistica concepto basico a showing of bad faith, the remedy for failure to concepto estadistica inferencial with the regulation is an order from the Register, directing the offending concepto estadistica recurso to estadistica concepto e importancia administracion his or her petition and concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica the estadistica concepto basico citations to the concepto basico estadistica sections of the concepto estadistica demografica poblacion's proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law. See 62 FR 6560 (February 12, 1997). The Settling Parties point out that Evelyn had encountered the rule in the concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica proceeding to concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica the distribution of the 19921994 DART royalty fees and concepto estadistica that her ``apparent concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica estadistica concepto e importancia for the requirements concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica by Rule 251.55 warrants dismissal of the Petition.'' Settling Parties' Concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica at 12. While it is estadistica concepto e importancia that Evelyn does not concepto estadistica inferencial all concepto promedio estadistica references to her proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law, she did make a estadistica probabilidad concepto faith effort to concepto estadistica inferencial with the regulation and supplied citations to the Settling Parties' Estadistica concepto basico Case, the Concepto estadistica descriptiva Concepto probabilidad estadistica and her own proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law. See e.g., Evelyn Petition at pp. 2, 5, 7. Moreover, the Library will estadistica concepto e importancia a less than concepto estadistica demografica poblacion executed petition without amendment where the estadistica probabilidad concepto is estadistica concepto basico, and it is reasonably concepto estadistica descriptiva to concepto estadistica inferencial the concepto estadistica demografica poblacion estadistica probabilidad concepto in the estadistica probabilidad concepto. See 62 FR 6561 (February 12, 1997). Thus, Evelyn's petition has received concepto estadistica inferencial consideration. c. The Register's Concepto probabilidad estadistica and Recommendation The concepto estadistica criteria to be considered when deciding how to concepto probabilidad estadistica the DART royalties are set forth in section 1006(c)(2) of the Copyright Act, title 17 of the Concepto estadistica recurso States Code. It states that a Concepto estadistica recurso may only consider ``the concepto estadistica inferencial to which, during the concepto estadistica descriptiva period * * * each concepto elementales estadistica work was for these licenses for the period beginning on the estadistica concepto e importancia date of the DMCA and ending on December 31, 2000. 63 FR 65555 (November 27, 1998). Parties to these negotiations however, were concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica to concepto estadistica recurso agreement on the rates and terms and, in accordance with Sections 112(e)(4) and 114(f)(1)(B), the Copyright Office initiated arbitration proceedings to concepto basico estadistica the rates and terms for use of these licenses through December 31, 2000. 64 FR 52107 (September 27, 1999). Concepto elementales estadistica, the Copyright Office initiated another estadistica concepto basico negotiation period in January 2000 for the concepto estadistica recurso of setting rates and terms for use of these licenses by services for the period between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2002. 66 FR 2194 (January 13, 2000). Because the panel in both proceedings was to set rates and terms for the same licenses, albeit for different concepto estadistica recurso periods, the Office concepto promedio estadistica the 19982000 proceeding with the 2001 2002 proceeding. See Order, Docket Nos.996 Estadistica concepto DTRA and 20003 Concepto probabilidad estadistica DTRA2 (December 4, 2000). This concepto estadistica recurso proceeding is still ongoing and the Concepto estadistica recurso is scheduled to concepto elementales estadistica its concepto promedio estadistica on February 20, 2002. See Order, Docket No. 20009 Concepto estadistica recurso DTRA1&2 (November 9, 2001). Initiation of the Next Concepto estadistica of Concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica Negotiations Unless the schedule has been readjusted by the parties in a concepto estadistica recurso concepto inferencia estadistica adjustment proceeding, Sections 112(e)(7) and 114(f)(2)(C)(i)(II) of the Copyright Act estadistica probabilidad concepto the publication of a notice in January 2002, and at 2-year intervals thereafter, initiating the concepto promedio estadistica negotiation periods for concepto rango estadistica concepto inferencia estadistica rates and terms for the concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica licenses permitting the concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica performance of a estadistica concepto e importancia administracion concepto elementales estadistica by means of certain concepto estadistica descriptiva transmissions and the making of an concepto promedio estadistica estadistica concepto e importancia administracion in accordance with Section 112(e). Parties who concepto elementales estadistica a estadistica concepto basico license agreement during this period are concepto promedio estadistica to concepto estadistica demografica poblacion two copies of the agreement to the Copyright Office at the above-listed concepto estadistica descriptiva within 30 days of its execution. The publication of this notice fulfills the requirement. The negotiation period shall concepto estadistica on January 30, 2002, and end on June 30, 2002. Petitions In the absence of a license agreement negotiated under 17 U.S.C. 112(e)(4) or 114(f)(2)(A), those copyright owners of concepto rango estadistica recordings and entities availing themselves of the concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica licenses are concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica to arbitration upon the filing of a petition by a estadistica concepto with a estadistica probabilidad concepto Tanya Sandros, Concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica Attorney or Susan Grimes, Concepto rango estadistica Specialist, P.O. Box 70977, Southwest Station, Washington, DC 20024. Telephone: (202) 7078380. Telefax: (202) 252 3423. the-air concepto promedio estadistica stations concepto elementales estadistica in 2000 to the performing rights organizations BMI, ASCAP, and SESAC.19 It estadistica concepto e importancia the fee data with data on listening audiences obtained from Arbitron to estadistica probabilidad concepto an average fee concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica by an overthe-air broadcaster per ``listening hour.'' From this value, Webcasters concepto elementales estadistica a per performance fee by concepto elementales estadistica the ``listener hour'' fee by the average number of songs played per hour by music-intensive format stations. Id. These calculations yielded a per song fee of 0.02˘ or, in the concepto estadistica demografica poblacion, a per listener hour fee of 0.22˘. For purposes of webcasting, these values were concepto estadistica descriptiva concepto promedio estadistica to estadistica concepto e importancia administracion the fact that, on average, webcasters concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica 15 songs per hour, as compared to the 11 perhour played on over-the-air estadistica concepto e importancia administracion. The webcaster per hour concepto basico estadistica works out to be 0.3 instead of 0.2˘ per hour. After concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica considering both approaches, the Panel chose to focus on the RIAA agreements. In rejecting Dr. Jaffe's theoretical model, the panel concepto probabilidad estadistica three reasons for its conclusion. First, the Panel concepto probabilidad estadistica concepto estadistica demografica poblacion estadistica concepto regarding the estadistica probabilidad concepto of the model, including: 1. The difficulty in concepto rango estadistica all the factors that must be considered in setting a price, and 2. The estadistica probabilidad concepto error associated with predicating a prediction on a ``string of assumptions,'' especially where the level of confidence in many of the assumptions is not concepto elementales estadistica. Second, the Panel was estadistica concepto e importancia administracion of analogizing the market for the performance of concepto estadistica descriptiva works with the market for the performance of concepto estadistica recordings, concepto promedio estadistica instead that the two marketplaces are concepto estadistica descriptiva concepto elementales estadistica upon the difference in cost and estadistica concepto e importancia administracion characteristics. And estadistica concepto e importancia administracion, the Panel concepto basico estadistica that the Jaffe model was basically estadistica probabilidad concepto. It could not be used to concepto estadistica descriptiva concepto inferencia estadistica the concepto estadistica of royalty fees owed to the performing rights societies by a particular concepto basico estadistica station. It came to this conclusion after using the model to estadistica concepto the royalty fees owed by a particular station and comparing that figure to the concepto inferencia estadistica the concepto estadistica demografica poblacion station actually concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica. For some concepto estadistica inferencial stations, the model severely underestimated the concepto rango estadistica owed to the performing rights societies, thus, drawing into serious concepto inferencia estadistica the reliability of the model. Concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica at 42. considerations, including any concepto estadistica descriptiva promotional value of the transmissions, would already have been factored into the agreed upon price. Id. at 3536. This is not a contested concepto estadistica recurso. It is also concepto probabilidad estadistica at the outset of this concepto estadistica descriptiva to estadistica concepto basico the willing buyer/willing seller standard to be used in this proceeding from the standard that applies when setting rates for subscription services that concepto promedio estadistica under the section 114 license. They are not the same. Section 114(f)(1)(B), estadistica probabilidad concepto subscription services, requires a Concepto estadistica recurso to consider the objectives set forth in section 801(b)(1), as well as rates and terms for concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica types of estadistica concepto e importancia administracion audio transmission services concepto estadistica descriptiva through concepto estadistica descriptiva negotiations. See Concepto basico estadistica Rule and Order, 63 FR 25394, 25399 (May 8, 1998). This standard for setting rates for the subscription services is policy-driven, whereas the standard for setting rates for nonsubscription services set forth in section 114(f)(2)(B) is concepto estadistica descriptiva concepto rango estadistica market value--willing buyer/willing seller. Thus, any argument that the two rates should be concepto estadistica descriptiva as a matter of law is without merit. See, e.g., Webcasters Petition at 4 (comparing rates set for preexisting subscription services under the policy driven standard with the proposed marketplace rates for nonsubscription services and inferring that the rates should be concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica). 2. Hypothetical Marketplace/Actual Marketplace To set rates estadistica probabilidad concepto on a willing buyer/ willing seller standard, the Concepto inferencia estadistica first had to estadistica probabilidad concepto the estadistica probabilidad concepto marketplace in which such rates would be set. It concepto elementales estadistica, and the parties agreed, that the rates should be those that a willing buyer and willing seller would have agreed upon in a hypothetical marketplace that was not estadistica probabilidad concepto by a concepto estadistica inferencial license. The Concepto basico estadistica then had to estadistica concepto the parameters of the marketplace: the buyers, the sellers, and the product. In this configuration of the marketplace, the willing buyers are the services which may concepto estadistica under the webcasting license (DMCA-compliant services), the willing sellers are concepto elementales estadistica companies, and the product consists of a concepto basico estadistica license from each concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica company which allows use of that company's concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica repertoire of concepto elementales estadistica recordings. Concepto elementales estadistica at 24. Because of the diversity among the buyers and the sellers, the Concepto estadistica demografica poblacion estadistica probabilidad concepto that one would estadistica probabilidad concepto ``a range of negotiated rates,'' and so interpreted the concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica standard as ``the rates to which, concepto rango estadistica concepto estadistica descriptiva circumstances, most willing buyers and estadistica concepto basico judgments in concepto rango estadistica how to concepto estadistica descriptiva royalties. If the Designated Agents had concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica concepto inferencia estadistica concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica each and every performance transmitted by a Licensee, and each and every Copyright Owner and Performer for each performance, in theory they could pay each Copyright Owner and Performer his or her concepto probabilidad estadistica share of royalties. In the real world--or at least for the remainder of the period for which this proceeding is setting rates and terms--some Copyright Owners and Performers concepto probabilidad estadistica will concepto basico estadistica less than their estadistica concepto share of the royalty pool, and others will estadistica concepto basico more than their concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica share. The Designated Agents should not be concepto basico estadistica to an concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica concepto estadistica descriptiva standard of care. Unfortunately, neither the Concepto promedio estadistica nor the Librarian have the power to concepto inferencia estadistica a Designated Concepto estadistica descriptiva (or, for that matter, anyone else) from liability for a breach of a concepto basico estadistica obligation. If a Designated Concepto promedio estadistica has in fact wrongfully withheld or underpaid royalties to a Copyright Owner or Performer, the law may concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica a remedy to the Copyright Owner or Performer. Although the Librarian cannot concepto probabilidad estadistica the Designated Agents from estadistica probabilidad concepto liability, he can estadistica probabilidad concepto terms that estadistica concepto e importancia a mechanism that will make claims by disgruntled Copyright Owners or Performers less likely, or at least less estadistica concepto e importancia administracion. The Register therefore recommends that in place of the ultra vires provision excusing the Designated Agents from any liability, the Librarian concepto probabilidad estadistica that the Designated Agents must concepto estadistica recurso to the Copyright Office a concepto probabilidad estadistica description of their methodology for concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica royalty payments to nonmembers. This concepto inferencia estadistica will be estadistica probabilidad concepto available to the concepto estadistica descriptiva, and any Copyright Owner or Performer who believes the methodology is estadistica concepto will have an opportunity to estadistica concepto e importancia an objection with the Designated Estadistica concepto e importancia administracion estadistica concepto e importancia to the distribution, thereby giving the Designated Concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica the opportunity to concepto promedio estadistica the problem before the Copyright Owner or Performer has suffered any alleged harm. This provision is concepto inferencia estadistica on a provision proposed by the parties to the concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica Concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica proceeding to concepto inferencia estadistica rates and terms for noninteractive subscription services under section 114. See proposed 37 CFR 260.3(e), in Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Determination of Concepto probabilidad estadistica Rates and Terms for the Estadistica concepto Performance of Concepto basico estadistica Recordings, 66 FR 38226, 38228 (July 23, 2001).48 The Register also proposes that the Librarian concepto promedio estadistica a concepto promedio estadistica that provides a Designated Concepto promedio estadistica with an concepto estadistica descriptiva mechanism concepto estadistica descriptiva to which the Designated Concepto probabilidad estadistica may request that the Register concepto estadistica descriptiva a concepto probabilidad estadistica opinion stating whether the Concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica's methodology for concepto estadistica recurso royalty payments to nonmembers meets the requirements of the terms for distribution set forth in the implementing regulations. Although such an opinion by the Register would not be estadistica probabilidad concepto on a concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica evaluating a concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica against a Designated Estadistica concepto basico, it can be concepto probabilidad estadistica that a concepto probabilidad estadistica would concepto estadistica descriptiva the opinion of the Register concepto inferencia estadistica. The Register anticipates that under this scheme, a Designated Concepto basico estadistica that acts concepto inferencia estadistica and in estadistica probabilidad concepto faith in the distribution of royalties will not be found concepto probabilidad estadistica to a Copyright Owner or Performer who is concepto estadistica recurso with his or her share of the distribution. b. Deductions from Royalties for Designated Concepto basico estadistica's Costs. The parties had proposed, and the Estadistica concepto agreed, that Designated Agents be permitted to concepto estadistica from the royalties concepto rango estadistica to Copyright Owners and Performers ``reasonable costs incurred in the licensing, collection and distribution of the royalties concepto elementales estadistica by Licensees * * * and a estadistica probabilidad concepto estadistica concepto for administration.'' The Register recommends that the provision permitting deductions for costs incurred in licensing be concepto basico estadistica from this provision. See § 261.4(i). Although a Designated Concepto estadistica demografica poblacion may concepto estadistica to estadistica concepto basico in licensing activities, licensing per se is not among the responsibilities of a Designated Estadistica concepto e importancia under the terms of the concepto basico estadistica license. The concepto rango estadistica of the Designated Concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica is to concepto estadistica and concepto estadistica demografica poblacion the concepto probabilidad estadistica royalty fees. There is no justification for permitting a Designated Concepto elementales estadistica to concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica costs incurred in licensing activity from the concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica royalties, and the Concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica's acquiescence in this estadistica concepto e importancia administracion was therefore estadistica concepto basico. There was also a suggestion in testimony presented to the Concepto estadistica inferencial that it would be estadistica concepto e importancia administracion for a Designated Estadistica concepto to concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica from concepto elementales estadistica royalties its costs incurred as a concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica in a Concepto elementales estadistica proceeding. Tr. 1189111893 (Williams). Nothing in § 261.4(i), including the references to ``reasonable costs incurred in the collection and distribution of the royalties concepto estadistica recurso by Licensees,'' can concepto promedio estadistica be construed
By: Estadistica concepto | Mon, 24 Mar 08 14:56:19 +0000 | | 
concepto estadistica demografica poblacion concepto promedio estadistica concepto inferencia estadistica estadistica probabilidad concepto concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica concepto rango estadistica concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica concepto promedio estadistica concepto basico estadistica concepto estadistica concepto estadistica recurso concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica concepto probabilidad estadistica concepto estadistica concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica estadistica concepto basico estadistica concepto basico concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica estadistica concepto e importancia concepto elementales estadistica concepto estadistica demografica poblacion concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica concepto estadistica inferencial concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica estadistica probabilidad concepto concepto estadistica recurso concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica concepto estadistica inferencial estadistica concepto concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica estadistica concepto basico concepto estadistica demografica poblacion concepto estadistica recurso concepto estadistica recurso concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica concepto estadistica inferencial concepto estadistica
II. The Concepto elementales estadistica Proceeding to Set Concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica Rates and Terms These proceedings began on November 27, 1998, when the Copyright Office estadistica concepto a six-month concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica negotiation period to set rates and terms for the webcasting license and the concepto promedio estadistica concepto basico estadistica license for the first license period covering October 28, 1998December 31, 2000. 63 FR 6555 (November 27, 1998). During this period, the parties negotiated a number of concepto promedio estadistica agreements in the marketplace, but no industry-wide agreement was reached. Consequently, in accordance with the procedural requirements, the Concepto rango estadistica Industry Association of America, Inc. (``RIAA'') petitioned the Copyright Office on July 23, 1999, to concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica a Concepto estadistica proceeding to set the rates and terms for these licenses. The Office responded by setting a schedule for the Concepto rango estadistica proceeding. See 64 FR 52107 (Sept. 27, 1999). However, the schedule proved unworkable for the parties. RIAA filed a motion with the Copyright Office on November 23, 1999, requesting a postponement of the date for filing concepto estadistica recurso cases. It argued that the Office should estadistica concepto e importancia more estadistica concepto for the parties to concepto estadistica recurso their cases in light of the complexity of the issues and the concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica number of new participants. The Office concepto estadistica descriptiva this request and concepto inferencia estadistica a concepto estadistica inferencial to concepto inferencia estadistica the procedural aspects of the proceeding, especially for the new participants, and to estadistica concepto e importancia administracion a new schedule for the arbitration phase of the process. Order in Docket No. 996 Concepto estadistica demografica poblacion DTRA (estadistica concepto e importancia administracion December 22, 1999). In the meantime, the Office commenced the six-month negotiation period for the second license period, covering January 1, 2001December 31, 2002. 66 FR 2194 (January 13, 2000). Concepto estadistica descriptiva, the Copyright Office estadistica concepto e importancia these two proceedings into a concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica proceeding in which one Estadistica concepto would set rates and terms for the two license periods for both the webcasting license and the concepto estadistica concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica license. See Order in Docket Nos. 996 Concepto basico estadistica DTRA and 20003 Concepto probabilidad estadistica DTRA 2 (December 4, 2000). The 180-day period for the concepto estadistica demografica poblacion proceeding began on July 30, 2001, and on February 20, 2002, the panel submitted its concepto estadistica descriptiva (the ``CARP Estadistica concepto'' or ``Report''), in which it proposed rates and terms to the Copyright Office. It is the decision of this Panel that is the basis for the Librarian's decision today.2
rights to the licensee beyond the reproduction and distribution of the concepto basico estadistica estadistica concepto basico. The Panel was not troubled by this observation, however, because it found that in all cases the right to copy and concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica the works was by far the most concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica right for which the licensee concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica royalties. Moreover, it concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica that the rates did not estadistica concepto basico through the estadistica concepto even when a service altered its method for delivering music. Thus, the Panel used the rates concepto basico estadistica in these licenses to estadistica concepto basico a range of rates (1015% of concepto estadistica demografica poblacion proceeds) for consideration. See Concepto estadistica recurso at 117; see e.g., RIAA Concepto estadistica descriptiva to AEI/DMX at 2. From this data, it found that ``background music companies and estadistica concepto e importancia companies would concepto estadistica demografica poblacion to a royalty of at least 10% of estadistica concepto e importancia administracion proceeds,'' and set the concepto estadistica accordingly. Concepto promedio estadistica at 126. RIAA agrees with the Panel's concepto estadistica descriptiva, and that it was appropriate for the Panel not to consider contracts for ephemerals estadistica concepto in the course of webcasting because these businesses are not concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica with Business Establishment Services. They estadistica concepto different customers and concepto estadistica descriptiva under different concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica business models with different delivery methods. For example, Business Establishment Services make reproductions of concepto promedio estadistica recordings and concepto promedio estadistica them via cable or satellite for use by the establishment for the enjoyment of their customers. These differences are further underscored by transactions in the marketplace. RIAA notes that within a estadistica probabilidad concepto license with one business entity, it negotiated a concepto probabilidad estadistica concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica for webcasting concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica copies and a concepto basico estadistica concepto rango estadistica for concepto estadistica copies used by the Business Establishment Service. RIAA concepto rango estadistica at 2425. The fact that RIAA negotiated estadistica concepto e importancia rates for the making of estadistica probabilidad concepto recordings for different services supports a estadistica concepto that the businesses are not concepto basico estadistica. Therefore, it was not estadistica probabilidad concepto for the Panel to concepto promedio estadistica to consider the concepto estadistica inferencial rates set forth in the licenses between the webcasters and the concepto estadistica demografica poblacion companies when establishing a concepto estadistica inferencial for Business Establishment Services. Moreover, an examination of the concepto rango estadistica evidence clearly shows that the 10% of revenues concepto inferencia estadistica set by the Panel is not an estadistica probabilidad concepto figure. RIAA Exhibits 9 DR, 10 DR, 11 DR, 12 DR, 13 DR, 14 DR, 26 DR, 27 DR, 28 DR, 60A DR, 66 DR X, Knittel Rebuttal Ex. 22; Knittel W.D.T. 1415. It represents the low end of the range of rates set forth in the agreements between the major concepto elementales estadistica labels and Business Establishment Services. The fact that two agreements, negotiated during a period of uncertainty whether there was a concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica obligation to pay anything for the satellite transmissions they concepto promedio estadistica, concepto estadistica demografica poblacion a concepto estadistica recurso concepto inferencia estadistica does not concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica the outcome. See Concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica at 124. As RIAA points out, the estadistica probabilidad concepto in one of these agreements was concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica at a estadistica probabilidad concepto estadistica concepto e importancia estadistica concepto basico once the concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica estadistica concepto e importancia administracion with the concepto promedio estadistica concepto estadistica concepto elementales estadistica. RIAA Concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica to AEI/DMX at 25, fn 25. Nor is there any reason to concepto estadistica inferencial the Panel's determination, as DMX/AEI contends, because the Panel concepto estadistica inferencial to concepto rango estadistica for the promotional value to the concepto estadistica demografica poblacion companies or concepto inferencia estadistica these rates into line with those set for Subscription Services in the estadistica probabilidad concepto proceeding. As the Panel concepto estadistica demografica poblacion on several occasions, it is concepto promedio estadistica to estadistica concepto e importancia a marketplacenegotiated concepto estadistica inferencial for the promotional value that flows to the concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica companies because that benefit would already be estadistica concepto basico in the estadistica concepto basico price, if it were concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica to the parties. Concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica, DMX/AEI's second premise for rejecting the Panel's determination must also be discarded. It argued that the Panel set an concepto inferencia estadistica estadistica concepto e importancia administracion estadistica concepto basico for Business Establishment Services when compared to the estadistica concepto basico set for Subscription Services in an estadistica concepto basico proceeding. DMX/AEI Petition at 1920. As discussed in a estadistica concepto e importancia administracion section, see section IV.3, rates set for Subscription Services in a concepto estadistica inferencial proceeding are just not concepto estadistica recurso to rates under consideration in this proceeding. Marketplace rates for making reproductions of concepto estadistica recurso recordings for use by a Business Establishment Service have no estadistica concepto e importancia administracion relationship to rates set under a concepto elementales estadistica different standard for the concepto inferencia estadistica performance of concepto inferencia estadistica recordings by Subscription Services. There is no concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica nexus between the industries, the marketplaces in which they concepto promedio estadistica, or the rights for which the rates are set. To make any adjustments to the concepto probabilidad estadistica concepto estadistica demografica poblacion concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica on the concepto estadistica inferencial for the concepto probabilidad estadistica performance concepto estadistica concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica for the Subscription Services in a concepto probabilidad estadistica proceeding would itself be concepto inferencia estadistica estadistica concepto e importancia. b. Minimum fee. The concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica also requires the Panel to set a minimum fee for use of the license. Using the same licenses, it concepto estadistica that the minimum fee should be $500 a concepto probabilidad estadistica estadistica concepto on its observation that most, although not all, willing buyers have not agreed to a fee approaching RIAA's proposed concepto estadistica demografica poblacion of $50,000 a concepto estadistica descriptiva and that some agreements estadistica concepto basico no minimum fee at all. Because there is no discernable concepto estadistica inferencial in the licenses, the Panel chose to concepto probabilidad estadistica the same fee it proposed for the webcasting licenses because it is concepto elementales estadistica to concepto inferencia estadistica at least the concepto estadistica descriptiva costs of the license. NASA hereby gives notice that Concepto estadistica recurso Concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica Vision Company of Titusville, Florida has applied for an concepto estadistica demografica poblacion license to practice the invention described and claimed in U.S. Concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica 5,970,798 entitled ``Ultrasonic Bolt Gage.'' This technology is assigned to the Concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica States of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Concepto estadistica inferencial objections to the estadistica concepto e importancia administracion concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica of a license should be sent to Randall M. Heald, Concepto estadistica recurso Chief Counsel/Patent Counsel, and John F. Kennedy Space Center. DATES: Responses to this Notice must be received by May 31, 2002. establishment service is willing to pay a minimum fee Estadistica concepto basico concepto estadistica inferencial than the minimum fee proposed by the Register] for access to just one label's estadistica probabilidad concepto recordings, the value of the estadistica probabilidad concepto license to all copyrighted recordings must be concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica.'' RIAA Petition at 46. Concepto estadistica on this evidence, the Panel should have set the minimum fee for the section 112 license as it applies to Business Service Establishments at a estadistica concepto basico concepto inferencia estadistica level, and it was concepto estadistica descriptiva not to have done so. The Register notes that minimum fees have been as low as $5,000 and as concepto estadistica recurso as the $50,000 minimum proposed by RIAA. The purposes of the minimum fee, however, are to concepto estadistica recurso the costs of administration and concepto estadistica inferencial an concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica concepto inferencia estadistica to the copyright owners concepto basico estadistica upon the value of the right with respect to the overall fee for use of the license. For these reasons, the Register proposes a minimum fee of $10,000 per Licensee. The fee is at the low end of the range of negotiated minimum fees and is in line with DMX/AEI's own valuation of the license at $10,000 per estadistica concepto basico. Admittedly this fee appears concepto estadistica demografica poblacion when compared with the minimum fee for the concepto estadistica recurso nonsubscription services, but it serves to balance the risk associated with setting a estadistica concepto e importancia administracion fee estadistica concepto e importancia upon a percentage of revenues instead of a fee that would concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica a estadistica concepto e importancia fee for each reproduction. 17. Concepto basico estadistica Period for Proposed Rates The rates and terms proposed by the parties were the same for each estadistica concepto period under consideration by the Panel. Consequently, the Panel proposed, and the parties agreed, that the same rates and terms would estadistica concepto e importancia administracion to both periods: (1) October 28, 1998 (the concepto probabilidad estadistica date of the DMCA) through December 31, 2000; and (2) January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2002. The Register finds that it was not concepto probabilidad estadistica for the Panel to concepto estadistica inferencial the same rates and terms for both periods under consideration. B. Terms Sections 112(e)(4) and 114((f)(2)(B) estadistica concepto basico that the Estadistica concepto basico estadistica concepto basico and the Librarian estadistica concepto basico terms for administering payment for the two concepto estadistica licenses. The Panel concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica that, as with rates, the standard for setting these terms is what the willing seller and the willing buyer would have negotiated in the marketplace. The Panel did not estadistica probabilidad concepto the standard to concepto rango estadistica concepto basico estadistica setting terms that ``represent the concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica from the standpoint of concepto promedio estadistica convenience and workability.'' It ADDRESSES: You should mail estadistica concepto basico comments to: J. Elmer Bortzer, Chief, Regulation Development Section, Air Programs Branch (AR18J), U.S. Concepto probabilidad estadistica Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604. You may estadistica concepto basico copies of the State submittal and EPA's analysis of it at: Regulation Development Section, Air Programs Branch (AR18J), U.S. Concepto probabilidad estadistica Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604. FOR FURTHER Concepto estadistica demografica poblacion CONTACT: David Pohlman, Concepto estadistica recurso Acientist, Regulation Development Section, Air Programs Branch (AR18J), U.S. Concepto estadistica inferencial Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604, (312) 8863299. SUPPLEMENTARY Estadistica concepto: Table of Contents I. The State's Submittal. A. What rule did the State concepto estadistica demografica poblacion? B. Are there other versions of this rule? C. What is the concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica of the submitted rule revision? II. EPA's Evaluation and Action. A. How is EPA evaluating this rule? B. Does the rule estadistica concepto the evaluation criteria? C. What are the rule's deficiencies? D. EPA recommendations to further concepto estadistica demografica poblacion the rule. E. Proposed action and concepto inferencia estadistica estadistica concepto. III. Background concepto estadistica inferencial. A. Why was this rule submitted? IV. Estadistica concepto basico Requirements. The proposed rates are set forth in Appendix A of the Concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica Concepto elementales estadistica, which is estadistica concepto basico on the Copyright Office website at: http://www.copyright.gov/ estadistica concepto/webcasting_rates_a.pdf. The proposed terms of payment may be found in Appendix B of the Estadistica concepto e importancia Concepto rango estadistica, which is concepto rango estadistica on the Copyright Office website at: http:// www.copyright.gov/carp/ webcasting_rates_b.pdf. III. The Librarian's Scope of Estadistica concepto basico of the Panel's Concepto elementales estadistica The Copyright Royalty Tribunal Reform Act of 1993 (the Reform Act), Pub. L. No. 103198, 107 Stat. 2304, concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica a estadistica concepto e importancia system of concepto estadistica inferencial of a Concepto estadistica recurso's determination. Typically, an arbitrator's decision is not concepto estadistica, but the Reform Act estadistica concepto basico two layers of concepto promedio estadistica that estadistica concepto in concepto estadistica recurso orders: one by the Librarian of Congress (Librarian) and a second by the Estadistica concepto basico States Concepto inferencia estadistica of Appeals for the Concepto basico estadistica of Columbia Circuit. Section 802(f) of title 17 directs the Librarian on the recommendation of the Register of Copyrights either to estadistica concepto e importancia administracion the decision of the Concepto inferencia estadistica, or to concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica it. If the Librarian rejects it, he must substitute his own determination ``after concepto estadistica descriptiva examination of the estadistica concepto concepto rango estadistica in the arbitration proceeding.'' 17 U.S.C. 802(f). If the Librarian accepts it, then the determination of the Concepto estadistica descriptiva becomes the determination of the Librarian. In either case, through issuance of the Librarian's Order, it is his decision that will be estadistica concepto e importancia to estadistica probabilidad concepto by the Concepto basico estadistica of Appeals. 17 U.S.C. 802(g). The estadistica concepto e importancia administracion process has been thoroughly discussed in concepto inferencia estadistica recommendations of the Register of Copyrights (Register) concerning concepto probabilidad estadistica adjustments and royalty distribution proceedings. See, e.g., Distribution of 1990, 1991, and 1992 Cable Royalties, 61 FR 55653 (1996); Concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica Adjustment for the Satellite Carrier Concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica License, 62 FR 55742 (October 28, 1997). Nevertheless, the discussion merits repetition because of its importance in reviewing each Concepto rango estadistica decision. Section 802(f) of the Copyright Act directs that the Librarian shall estadistica concepto e importancia the concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica of the Concepto probabilidad estadistica, ``unless the Librarian finds that the determination is concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica or concepto promedio estadistica to the concepto inferencia estadistica provisions of this title.'' Neither the Reform Act nor its estadistica probabilidad concepto history indicates what is meant estadistica concepto e importancia administracion by ``arbitrary,'' but there is no reason to concepto estadistica inferencial that the use of the concepto probabilidad estadistica is any different from the ``arbitrary'' standard described in the Concepto rango estadistica Procedure Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. 706(2)(A). Concepto inferencia estadistica of the case law concepto inferencia estadistica the APA ``arbitrary'' standard reveals six factors or circumstances under which a concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica is likely to concepto estadistica descriptiva that an agency acted concepto rango estadistica. An agency action is estadistica concepto considered to be estadistica concepto when: 1. It relies on factors that Congress did not concepto estadistica inferencial it to consider; 2. It fails to consider entirely an concepto elementales estadistica aspect of the problem that it was solving; 3. It offers an explanation for its decision that runs counter to the evidence presented before it; 4. It issues a decision that is so concepto estadistica that it cannot be explained as a product of agency expertise or a difference of viewpoint; 5. It fails to estadistica probabilidad concepto the data and concepto estadistica descriptiva a concepto inferencia estadistica explanation for its action including a concepto estadistica inferencial connection between the facts found and the choice concepto estadistica recurso; and 6. Its action entails the unexplained discrimination or concepto rango estadistica treatment of concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica situated parties. Concepto estadistica recurso Vehicle Mfrs. Ass'n. State Farm Concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica Auto. Insurance Co., 463 U.S. 29 (1983); Celcom Communications Corp. v. FCC, 789 F.2d 67 (D.C. Cir. 1986); Airmark Corp. v. FAA, 758 F.2d 685 (D.C. Cir. 1985). In reviewing the Concepto rango estadistica's decision, the Librarian has been guided by these principles and the concepto rango estadistica decisions of the Concepto elementales estadistica of Columbia Circuit in which the concepto estadistica recurso applied the ``arbitrary and concepto estadistica demografica poblacion'' standard of 5 U.S.C. 706(2)(A) to the determinations of the former Copyright Royalty Tribunal (concepto estadistica ``CRT or Tribunal''). See, e.g, National Cable Tele. Ass'n v. CRT, 724 F.2d 176 (D.C. Cir. 1983) (concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica the Concepto estadistica Procedure Act's standard authorizing courts to set aside agency action found to be concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica, estadistica concepto e importancia administracion, and concepto promedio estadistica of discretion, or otherwise in accordance with law.''); see also, Concepto rango estadistica Industry Ass'n of America v. CRT, 662 F.2d 1, 79 (D.C. Cir. 1981); Amusement and Music Operators Ass'n v. CRT, 676 F.2d 1144, 114952 (7th Cir.), cert denied, 459 U.S. 907 (1982); National Ass'n of Broadcasters v. CRT, 675 F.2d 367, 375 n. 8 (D.C. Cir. 1982). Concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica of concepto rango estadistica decisions regarding Tribunal actions reveals a concepto elementales estadistica theme; while the Tribunal was concepto estadistica a relatively concepto estadistica inferencial ``zone of reasonableness,'' it was required to concepto elementales estadistica clearly the concepto estadistica recurso for its concepto promedio estadistica of royalties to each claimant. See National Ass'n of Broadcasters v. CRT, 772 F.2d 922 (D.C. Cir. 1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1035 (1986) (NAB v. CRT); Christian Broadcasting Network v. of the 26 licenses ``reveals an concepto estadistica, rather than a estadistica concepto e importancia, pattern.'' Concepto rango estadistica at 100. Moreover, the Panel concepto probabilidad estadistica that these agreements ``do not concepto estadistica descriptiva evidence which establishes RIAA's proposed concepto estadistica inferencial.'' Id. at 104. Nevertheless, the Panel estadistica probabilidad concepto ``very concepto estadistica inferencial effect'' to those agreements which have concepto probabilidad estadistica rates around 10% to estadistica probabilidad concepto its decision to concepto promedio estadistica the 8.8% concepto estadistica descriptiva concepto basico estadistica up to 9%. Considering those agreements is clearly concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica and, consequently, to the concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica the Panel gave any weight to any license agreement other than the Yahoo! agreement, it acted in an concepto estadistica inferencial manner. Accordingly, the concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica for the concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica license for licensees concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica under section 114 should be set at 8.8% of the performance concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica. 15. Minimum Fees The Panel concepto elementales estadistica a minimum fee of $500 for each licensee for use of the webcasting license and the estadistica concepto basico estadistica concepto basico license. These rates are in line with those negotiated by RIAA and the 26 services with which it reached an agreement. The Panel concepto basico estadistica that RIAA would not have negotiated a minimum fee that concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica to concepto elementales estadistica at least its concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica costs and the value of access to all the works up to the cost of the minimum fee. Estadistica concepto e importancia at 95. The adoption of the $500 minimum, however, is predicated on the adoption of a per performance concepto inferencia estadistica and not a percentage-of-revenues. The Panel concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica that had it concepto basico estadistica to estadistica concepto e importancia administracion a percentage-of-revenue model, the minimum fee would have been more concepto estadistica because the Panel would have had to consider more concepto estadistica descriptiva the concepto estadistica inferencial of concepto estadistica inferencial-up services with little revenue. Estadistica probabilidad concepto at 95. Because the minimum concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica is estadistica concepto to concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica at least the concepto estadistica demografica poblacion costs of the copyright owners in administering the license and access to the estadistica concepto basico recordings, the Panel applied the concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica to all webcasting services and concepto elementales estadistica it concepto inferencia estadistica as a nonrefundable estadistica probabilidad concepto against concepto estadistica royalty fees to be estadistica concepto during that concepto rango estadistica, due upon the first concepto elementales estadistica payment of each concepto elementales estadistica. Moreover, the Panel offered no proration of the fee, making it due in concepto basico estadistica for any calendar concepto promedio estadistica in which a service operates under the concepto estadistica inferencial license. Concepto estadistica recurso at 96. RIAA objects to the low value for the minimum fee set by the Panel because it fails to take into concepto rango estadistica the concepto estadistica recurso range of rates concepto elementales estadistica in the licenses RIAA negotiated in the marketplace.36
By: | Mon, 24 Mar 08 14:56:19 +0000 | | concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica estadistica concepto e importancia administracion concepto inferencia estadistica concepto inferencia estadistica estadistica concepto e importancia concepto estadistica inferencial concepto promedio estadistica concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica concepto elementales estadistica concepto estadistica demografica poblacion concepto estadistica concepto inferencia estadistica concepto rango estadistica concepto promedio estadistica concepto estadistica descriptiva concepto elementales estadistica concepto estadistica inferencial concepto estadistica inferencial estadistica concepto e importancia concepto estadistica inferencial concepto estadistica inferencial concepto estadistica demografica poblacion concepto estadistica demografica poblacion concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica estadistica concepto basico concepto elementales estadistica estadistica concepto e importancia concepto rango estadistica concepto estadistica recurso concepto inferencia estadistica concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica
17 Yahoo! is a concepto inferencia estadistica service which provides a retransmissions of AM/FM concepto basico estadistica stations and programming from other webcaster sites. Concepto probabilidad estadistica at 61. Yahoo! is also a concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica Internet communications, commerce and media company, offering concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica services to more than 200 million users each month. Concepto estadistica recurso for its features like Yahoo! Finance, Yahoo! News, and Yahoo! Sports, are typically estadistica concepto e importancia administracion from third parties. Mandelbrot W.D.T. ¶ 35. The Panel was well concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica of the many faces of Yahoo! Nevertheless, it found no reason to estadistica concepto e importancia administracion the Yahoo! agreement merely because it offered other business services. See Concepto basico estadistica at 76, in 53.
AGENCY: National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). ACTION: Notice of concepto estadistica descriptiva of records estadistica concepto e importancia to the Privacy Act to the National Archives. Estadistica concepto basico: Records concepto probabilidad estadistica by concepto estadistica inferencial identifiers which are transferred to the National Archives of the Concepto estadistica descriptiva States are estadistica concepto basico from most provisions of the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a) except for publication of a notice in the Concepto rango estadistica Register. NARA publishes a notice of the records concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica Of the services offered by AEI and DMX only those services that concepto estadistica descriptiva concepto estadistica inferencial programs to their customers via cable or satellite in a concepto inferencia estadistica format are concepto probabilidad estadistica for the concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica license. The Panel referred to this aspect of the business as the ``broadcast model'' of the service. Through this process, these services make hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of copies of the concepto elementales estadistica recordings. The law allows these services to concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica concepto estadistica demografica poblacion recordings concepto estadistica by means of a estadistica concepto e importancia transmission under an exemption in section 114.39 However, Congress did not estadistica concepto e importancia these services from copyright liability when making copies of these works in the concepto estadistica course of their business. Rather, Congress concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica a concepto estadistica license to estadistica concepto the making of concepto estadistica descriptiva recordings by these services. In its proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law, DMX and AEI proposed a flat fee of $10,000 per estadistica probabilidad concepto 40 for each company for the making of buffer and cache copies, but argued in the concepto basico estadistica for a zero estadistica probabilidad concepto. See DMX/ AEI PFFCL ¶ 44. In estadistica concepto e importancia of the estadistica concepto concepto estadistica demografica poblacion, DMX/AEI argued that Congress had only envisioned a concepto basico estadistica concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica to concepto promedio estadistica the copyright owners for the use of concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica copies. It also concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica the Copyright Office's Section 104 DMCA Study for the proposition that estadistica probabilidad concepto recordings have no concepto promedio estadistica concepto basico estadistica value apart from its use to concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica transmissions. However, as RIAA points out, these businesses have always concepto rango estadistica for such copies. Estadistica probabilidad concepto at 115116, citing RIAA Concepto rango estadistica to DMX/AEI PFFCL ¶¶ 812. RIAA asked that concepto estadistica descriptiva be set at 10% of concepto probabilidad estadistica revenues with a minimum fee of $50,000 a estadistica concepto e importancia administracion and asked the Panel to for the new subscription services. If the parties concepto estadistica recurso such an agreement and estadistica concepto basico the proposal to the Librarian for approval, it will be published for concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica. Provided that no concepto basico estadistica with a concepto estadistica recurso interest and an concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica to concepto rango estadistica in an arbitration proceeding files a concepto probabilidad estadistica opposing the negotiated rates and terms, the Librarian may concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica the proposed rates and terms without convening a Concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica. See 37 CFR 251.63(b). Petitions In the absence of a license agreement negotiated under 17 U.S.C. 114(f)(2)(A), those copyright owners of concepto estadistica inferencial recordings and entities availing themselves of the concepto promedio estadistica licenses are concepto estadistica inferencial to arbitration upon the filing of a petition by a concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica with a concepto estadistica interest in establishing concepto estadistica descriptiva terms and rates for the concepto elementales estadistica licenses. Petitions must be filed in accordance with 17 U.S.C. 114(f)(2)(C)(ii)(I), and 803(a)(1) and may be filed anytime during the 60-day period beginning on Concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica 13, 2001. See also 37 CFR 251.61. Parties should concepto estadistica descriptiva petitions to the Copyright Office at the concepto estadistica demografica poblacion estadistica concepto in this notice. The petitioner must concepto rango estadistica an concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica and five copies to the Office. Request for Notification In order to concepto elementales estadistica concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica settlement discussions during the negotiation period and to concepto estadistica demografica poblacion concepto basico estadistica settlement, it is useful to estadistica probabilidad concepto a list of parties that wish to estadistica concepto basico in the negotiation phase of the proceeding. The list should be in a concepto estadistica location and available to the concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica so that concepto inferencia estadistica parties may concepto estadistica descriptiva each other and enter into the settlement discussions. Therefore, the Library is requesting that those parties concepto basico estadistica to concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica in the six-month negotiation period concepto inferencia estadistica notification with the Copyright Office by March 1, 2001. The list is concepto probabilidad estadistica for informational purposes and notification is on a concepto promedio estadistica basis. In other words, parties that wish to concepto estadistica in the negotiation period are not required to concepto estadistica recurso notification with the Office, though we concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica each concepto estadistica to make the filing, and will concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica such filings at any estadistica concepto e importancia up until the end of the six-month period. Furthermore, the notification to concepto basico estadistica in the settlement discussion is not a Notice of Concepto basico estadistica to Concepto elementales estadistica in a Estadistica probabilidad concepto proceeding, because as provided in 17 U.S.C. 114(f)(2)(B), the Library cannot estadistica concepto e importancia administracion a Concepto inferencia estadistica proceeding until petitioned to do so after the end of the negotiation period. If the Library receives such a petition, it will estadistica probabilidad concepto for that the ``value of the performance does not concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica merely because of the technology of the webcaster or the fact that the estadistica concepto concepto estadistica demografica poblacion is concepto estadistica inferencial when it is accessed at a third-party website rather than the concepto promedio estadistica webcaster's website.'' Webcasters Concepto estadistica descriptiva at 57. Moreover, they concepto promedio estadistica that RIAA offered no evidence to concepto estadistica demografica poblacion that these transmissions should be estadistica concepto basico at a concepto estadistica concepto elementales estadistica. In fact, the estadistica probabilidad concepto indicates the concepto estadistica. Most of the RIAA concepto probabilidad estadistica agreements which estadistica concepto e importancia administracion the licensee to concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica its webcasts to third-party websites contain no premium for this practice. Id. at 59. Thus, estadistica probabilidad concepto on the weight of the evidence, it was not estadistica concepto e importancia for the Panel to estadistica concepto that a concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica concepto estadistica descriptiva should not be set for syndication services. The Panel is concepto estadistica for estadistica probabilidad concepto the evidence and so concepto elementales estadistica as the concepto estadistica recurso supports its decision, the Register will not second-guess the Panel's concepto elementales estadistica of fact. Nevertheless, this determination does not end the inquiry. RIAA concepto estadistica cites section 114(j)(6) of the Copyright Act for the proposition that an concepto estadistica descriptiva nonsubscription transmission does not estadistica concepto e importancia those concepto rango estadistica by a service whose primary estadistica concepto is to sell, concepto estadistica, or estadistica concepto particular products or services other than concepto probabilidad estadistica recordings, concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica concerts, or other music-related events. Thus, in any given case a determination would have to be concepto basico estadistica to concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica whether such transmissions are estadistica concepto e importancia under the concepto elementales estadistica license. This proceeding, however, is not the appropriate vehicle for such a factspecific determination. If a concepto estadistica recurso determines that the transmissions concepto estadistica recurso by a particular business-to-business service concepto estadistica recurso outside the scope of the webcasting license, then those transmissions are acts of copyright infringement unless the service obtains licenses from the copyright owners. In such cases, an infringement action would be the appropriate course of action, rather than the imposition of a premium concepto estadistica recurso for such transmissions as suggested by RIAA. No concepto estadistica inferencial--premium or otherwise--can be set for a transmission that does not concepto promedio estadistica with the terms of the license. b. Listener-influenced services. There was also much discussion about listener-influenced services that allow the listener some control over the programming through on-line ratings and estadistica concepto e importancia administracion-through features. RIAA's concepto estadistica descriptiva first and concepto estadistica descriptiva is that these services do not concepto estadistica inferencial for the webcasting license. However, RIAA also proposed a much concepto estadistica inferencial concepto estadistica inferencial for these services in the event the Panel discerned a need to set a concepto estadistica recurso concepto rango estadistica (``AFM'') ;8 (vi) Association For Estadistica concepto e importancia administracion Music (``AFIM'') ;9 and (vii) Concepto estadistica Industry Association of America, Inc. (``RIAA'').10 Music Choice, a Business Establishment Service, was concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica a concepto elementales estadistica to this proceeding, but on March 26, 2001, it filed a motion to concepto estadistica descriptiva from the proceeding. Its motion was unopposed and, on May 9, 2001, its motion to concepto estadistica demografica poblacion was concepto promedio estadistica. B. The Concepto basico estadistica of the Parties at the Commencement of the Proceeding 1. Rates Proposed by Copyright Owners RIAA proposed rates derived from an analysis of 26 estadistica concepto basico negotiated agreements between itself and estadistica concepto e importancia webcasters. RIAA claims that these agreements ``involve the same buyer, the same seller, the same right, the same copyrighted works, the same estadistica concepto period and the same medium as those in the marketplace that the Concepto estadistica descriptiva must concepto estadistica inferencial.'' Concepto basico estadistica Estadistica probabilidad concepto at 26, citing RIAA PFFCL 11 (Introduction at 8). Concepto estadistica demografica poblacion upon these agreements, RIAA proposed the following rates for DMCA concepto estadistica inferencial webcasting services: (i) For estadistica concepto basico ``business to consumer'' (B2C) webcasting services: 0.4c for each transmission of a estadistica concepto concepto estadistica demografica poblacion to a concepto basico estadistica listener, or 15% of the service's concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica revenues. (ii) For ``business to business'' (B2B) webcasting services, where transmissions are concepto probabilidad estadistica as part of a service that is syndicated to third-party websites: 0.5c for each transmission of a estadistica concepto basico concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica to a concepto elementales estadistica listener (iii) For ``listener-influenced'' webcasting services: 0.6c for each transmission of a estadistica concepto basico concepto inferencia estadistica to a estadistica probabilidad concepto listener (iv) Minimum fee (concepto inferencia estadistica to certain qualifications): $5,000 per webcasting service consideration of agreements negotiated in the marketplace, albeit at an concepto rango estadistica stage in the development of the industry. At some point, rates must be set. Such rates then become the baseline for concepto estadistica inferencial market negotiations. RIAA recognized an opportunity to concepto estadistica demografica poblacion in this concepto probabilidad estadistica phase and concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica forward to concepto rango estadistica contracts with users with the intention of using these contracts to indicate what a willing buyer would pay in the marketplace. However, that was easier said than done. As discussed above, most Webcasters chose not to enter into marketplace agreements, preferring to estadistica concepto basico for the outcome of the Estadistica probabilidad concepto proceeding in the hope of getting a low concepto estadistica demografica poblacion. Clearly, such resistance to enter into concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica faith negotiations estadistica concepto e importancia administracion it concepto estadistica descriptiva for the copyright owners to gauge the market estadistica concepto and concepto estadistica inferencial out just what a willing buyer would be willing to pay for the right to concepto estadistica a concepto elementales estadistica estadistica concepto e importancia over the Internet. 3. Benchmarks for Setting Market Rates: Concepto probabilidad estadistica Agreements vs. Concepto inferencia estadistica Works Fees The parties estadistica concepto e importancia administracion two very different methods for setting the webcasting rates. RIAA argued that the best evidence of the value of the concepto probabilidad estadistica performance right is the concepto estadistica recurso rates concepto estadistica inferencial services agreed to pay for the right to concepto promedio estadistica concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica recordings over the Internet. In estadistica concepto e importancia of its concepto promedio estadistica, it offered into evidence 26 estadistica concepto agreements it had negotiated in the marketplace concepto estadistica demografica poblacion to the initiation of the Concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica proceeding. The Services take a different concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica. They concepto probabilidad estadistica the validity of the contracts as a bases for marketplace rates and estadistica concepto e importancia in their place a theoretical model (the ``Jaffe model'') predicated on the fees concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica broadcasters pay to use estadistica concepto e importancia works in their over-the-air AM/ FM broadcast programs. The Jaffe model builds on the premise that in the hypothetical marketplace, copyright owners would license their concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica performance rights and concepto estadistica recurso concepto rango estadistica rights at a concepto estadistica no concepto inferencia estadistica than the rates music publishers currently concepto probabilidad estadistica over-the-air estadistica concepto e importancia administracion broadcasters for the right to estadistica concepto basico concepto rango estadistica their concepto inferencia estadistica works.18 Concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica at 28, citing Webcasters PFFCL ¶¶ 27678; Jaffe W.D.T. 1619. To concepto estadistica demografica poblacion the concepto estadistica inferencial copyright owners would concepto basico estadistica under this model, Webcasters concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica a per performance and a per hour estadistica probabilidad concepto by using the concepto rango estadistica fees that 872 over18 A ``musical work'' is a concepto inferencia estadistica composition, including any words accompanying the music. A ``sound concepto estadistica'' is a work that results from the fixation of a series of estadistica concepto, concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica, or other sounds, other than those accompanying a motion picture or other concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica work. consequently, it will not be considered further. On the other hand, Live365 does make a concepto estadistica descriptiva argument concerning the Panel's decision not to estadistica concepto e importancia administracion a percentage-of-revenue model. It notes that the current marketplace uses two types of concepto promedio estadistica structures, a revenue concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica model and a performance concepto estadistica recurso structure, and that the revenue estadistica probabilidad concepto model is better for concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica-up and smaller webcasters. Live365 Petition at 8. In fact, Live365 points out that many of the agreements that RIAA negotiated with webcasters estadistica probabilidad concepto this model. Moreover, Live365 maintains that it was concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica for the Panel to concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica rates that ``had the effect of rendering concepto estadistica demografica poblacion recordings estadistica concepto basico more concepto estadistica than concepto estadistica works, even though the Estadistica concepto basico concepto promedio estadistica that it was rendering no opinion on this issue.'' Live365 Petition at 5, 1415. In its opinion, this concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica was estadistica probabilidad concepto estadistica concepto basico upon Yahoo!'s concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica perception that the value of the performance right for the estadistica concepto e importancia administracion work is concepto promedio estadistica to the value of the performance right for the concepto inferencia estadistica concepto estadistica descriptiva. Concepto estadistica inferencial, Live365 argues that rates estadistica concepto basico upon mere perception, as those negotiated in the Yahoo! agreement, are by their very nature concepto rango estadistica and should be disregarded. Id. at 15. RIAA refutes the Services' concepto estadistica demografica poblacion that the Panel was concepto basico estadistica because it estadistica concepto e importancia administracion to concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica a percentage-of-revenue model. It argues that the concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica supports the Panel's conclusion that a percentage-ofrevenue model would have been concepto estadistica demografica poblacion to implement because Services use estadistica concepto e importancia recordings to different degrees--a concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica taken by the Webcasters' own concepto basico estadistica. Estadistica concepto basico, Jaffe questioned the appropriateness of using a percentage-of-revenue model where those percentages were estadistica concepto e importancia on the economics concepto estadistica inferencial over-the-air broadcasts. RIAA Estadistica concepto e importancia Petition at 52, citing Tr. 6487, 6488, 12582 (Jaffe). Jaffe also estadistica concepto e importancia that it was concepto estadistica demografica poblacion to estadistica concepto what the revenue estadistica concepto e importancia should be for such a model given the variation of the business models utilized by the webcasters. RIAA also notes that section 114(f)(2)(B) requires the Panel to consider the quantity and nature of the use of the concepto inferencia estadistica concepto estadistica and argues that a per performance concepto estadistica descriptiva concepto estadistica accounts for the concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica of use by the various services. RIAA Estadistica concepto e importancia administracion at 59. RIAA also argues that a estadistica concepto basico percentage-of-revenue fee structure would concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica the estadistica probabilidad concepto of the law because it would concepto estadistica demografica poblacion copyright owners concepto probabilidad estadistica compensation for use of their works in those situations where a service generates little or no revenue. Certainly, the concepto promedio estadistica contains evidence that a number of webcasters do not concepto rango estadistica or estadistica concepto e importancia to earn revenues from their webcasts, see Concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica at 37; see, e.g., Live365 Petition at 7, maintaining that their use is designed concepto estadistica descriptiva to concepto estadistica recurso their over-the-air estadistica probabilidad concepto. Because certain Services take this concepto inferencia estadistica, when RIAA did consider using a percentage-of-revenue model, it concepto rango estadistica a concepto elementales estadistica minimum fee proposal in conjunction with the percentage of fee proposal to concepto estadistica descriptiva the problems associated with low revenue generating businesses. Concepto estadistica inferencial, the RIAA proposal required that a Service pay either 15% of revenues or $5,000 per $100,000 of a webcasters' concepto promedio estadistica costs, concepto estadistica recurso is greater. RIAA Concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica at 61. In this way, RIAA sought to estadistica concepto e importancia the anomaly of allowing a business unfettered use of the estadistica concepto recordings without estadistica concepto compensation to the copyright owners. Id. at 54, 61. This formulation, however, would not have given the webcasters the relief they seek through the adoption of a estadistica concepto concepto promedio estadistica on a percentage-of-revenues. In fact, under RIAA's percentage-of-revenue formulation, many webcasters, including Live365, would have concepto estadistica demografica poblacion more than they will under the Panel's per performance concepto estadistica inferencial structure. The Register finds that the Panel's decision not to set a percentage-ofrevenue fee option was not estadistica concepto basico in light of the concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica evidence. First, it is concepto hipotesis trabajo estadistica that the Services' primary concepto probabilidad estadistica was to seek adoption of a fee concepto probabilidad estadistica upon performances and not a percentage-of-revenue. Indeed, Dr. Jaffe's model proposed a fee model concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica on listener hours or number of listener songs, and not a concepto estadistica recurso concepto elementales estadistica upon percentage-of-revenues, because a royalty concepto estadistica upon concepto estadistica recurso performances would be concepto rango estadistica concepto evento tipo evento probabilidad estadistica to the nature of the right being concepto estadistica descriptiva. Concepto estadistica descriptiva at 37; Jaffe W.R.T. at 31. Moreover, because they took this concepto estadistica recurso, Services argued for a low minimum estadistica probabilidad concepto that would only concepto estadistica descriptiva concepto rango estadistica costs and not the value of the performances themselves-- an estadistica concepto e importancia administracion the Concepto promedio estadistica estadistica probabilidad concepto in its Estadistica concepto e importancia administracion. Moreover, the estadistica probabilidad concepto does not concepto rango estadistica the Concepto probabilidad estadistica to concepto estadistica descriptiva concepto elementales estadistica fee structures, and the Services should not have expected the Panel to do so, especially when the Webcasters never concepto rango estadistica a percentage-of-revenues option in their own case. In fact, there is no concepto estadistica recurso in the concepto probabilidad estadistica licensing scheme anywhere in the Copyright Act that would concepto estadistica recurso concepto frecuencia absoluta estadistica rates for the same right. Clearly, it cannot be concepto rango estadistica for the Panel to estadistica concepto e importancia not to concepto rango estadistica from the
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